Lumen 2018

S TANISLAUS P APCZYNSKI 74 The Zborow Agreement proved to be very short lived and soon a new war with Chmielnicki broke out. Yet, this time, even though he brought new Turkish, Tartar, and Walachian reinforcements, he was defeated in the battle of Beresteczko in Volhynia that took place between June 28 and June 30, 1651. Had the Republic of Poland lost at Beresteczko, the further course of its history may have been quite different, for Chmielnicki, through his messengers, had already been preparing an uprising among the peasants in Podhale and Wielkopolska [Great Poland]. 137 The turmoil at Dzikie Pola continued. When Hetman Chmiel- nicki began a march on Moldova, the Polish army led by Hetman Martin Kalinowski stopped him at Batoh, but was defeated in a bloody battle at the beginning of June of 1652. Later, unable to reach an agreement with the Cossacks, John Casimir signed a treaty with the Tartar khan, thus reinforcing the Zborow Agreement, which in no way prevented further looting expeditions by the Tartar hordes. And so, the years of destructive fighting at the southeastern border of the Republic of Poland did not bring either a final settle- ment or reconciliation. 138 At the same time, Poland was involved in a conflict with Muscovy, which was interrupted by the famous Swedish “deluge.” Later, in 1660, two more battles took place: at Polonka and Cudnow, 139 both of which ended with brilliant victories of the Polish army. Then, in 1667, the Treaty of Andruszowo followed, but the war finally ended with the so-called Grzymultowski Treaty in 1686. By the power of this treaty, the Ukrainian territories (including Kiev) on the left bank of the Dnieper went to Muscovy due to the closeness of the language and religion of the people who lived there. The territories on the right bank remained with the Republic of Poland until the partitions. 140